There are various stages and types of spontaneous abortions
FIG 1.1. spontaneous abortion
1) Spontaneous abortion/miscarriage: A pregnancy that can be ends with the spontaneously before the fetus that has
reached a viable gestational age.
2) Threatened
abortion: Bleeding through a closed cervical os during the first half of
pregnancy. The bleeding is often painless, although it may be accompanied by
mild suprapubic pain. On examination, the uterine that has the size is appropriate and also for
gestational age, and the cervix is long and closed. Fetal cardiac activity can
be detectable if the gestation is sufficiently advanced.
3) Inevitable
abortion: When abortion is pending, there may be increased bleeding intensely
painful uterine cramps, and a dilated cervix . The gestational tissue can be often to be felt or by the visualized through which the internal cervical operating systems.
4) Incomplete
abortion: When the fetus is passed, but significant amounts of placental tissue
may be retained, also called an abortion with retained products of conception.
On examination the cervical os is open, gestational tissue may be observed in
the vaginal/cervix, and the uterus is smaller than expected for gestational age
but not well contracted. The amount of bleeding varies but can be severe enough
to cause hypovolemic shock. Painful that cramps that are to be often present.
FIG 1.2. spontaneous abortion
5) Complete
abortion: When an abortion occurs and the entire contents of the uterus are
expelled. More than one-third of all cases are complete abortions. If a
complete abortion has occurred, the uterus is small and well contracted with a
closed cervix; slight vaginal bleeding and mild cramping can be present.
6) Missed
abortion: Refers to in utero death of the embryo or fetus prior to the 20th
week of gestation, with prolonged retention of the pregnancy. Vaginal bleeding that may be used may be used to occur, and the cervix is usually closed.
FIG.1.a. infertility
7) Septicabortion: An abortion accompanied by fever, chills, malaise, abdominal pain,
vaginal bleeding, and frequently purulent discharge. Physical examination that may
reveal tachycardia, tachypnea, lower abdominal tenderness, and a tender uterus
with dilated cervix. Infection is usually due to staphylococcus aureus,
Gram-negative bacilli, or some Gram-positive cocci. Mixed infections can also
be encountered. The infection may spread, leading to salpingitis, generalized
peritonitis, and septicaemia.
FIG 1.3. Abortion due to miscarriage
A miscarriage refers to the loss of a pregnancy and is estimated
to occur in 15 to 20 percent of all pregnancies. Most miscarriages occur during
the first 13 weeks of pregnancy, though they can occur later on in the
pregnancy.
FIG 1.4.Miscarriage abortion
Understanding Different Stages of Miscarriage
FIG.1.b. miscarriage infertility
There are different kinds of miscarriages that can occur at
different stages of your pregnancy. Depending on the type of miscarriage,
different signs may be noticeable, and different treatments may be necessary.
FIG 1.5.stages of miscariages
Chemical Pregnancy
A chemical pregnancy is a very early miscarriage which can
occur before a woman even learns that she is pregnant. With chemical pregnancy,
an egg is fertilized, but dies shortly after implantation, so a heartbeat is
never identified. Recently, more chemical pregnancies have been diagnosed as a
result of pregnancy tests that allow earlier results.
FIG 1.6.chemical pregnancy
Most chemical pregnancies result from chromosomal
abnormalities in the fertilized egg. There may be no signs of a chemical
pregnancy. Most women simply begin to bleed around the time of their next
period, though their period may arrive a few days late or be slightly heavier.
FIG 1.7. pregnancy normal levels
Blighted Ovum
Also known as anembryonic pregnancy, blighted ovum occurs
very early in pregnancy, often before a woman even knows that she is pregnant.
Blighted ovum occurs when a fertilized egg attached to the uterine wall, but an
embryo does not develop. Women may feel signs of pregnancy,
FIG.1.1.a. Attitude success of infertility
but when a doctor performs an ultrasound, he or she notices an empty gestational sac or cannot confirm a heartbeat. After a blighted ovum, women can miscarry the pregnancy or schedule a dilation and curettage (D&C) procedure, in which the woman’s cervix is opened and her uterus scraped.
FIG.1.1.a. Attitude success of infertility
but when a doctor performs an ultrasound, he or she notices an empty gestational sac or cannot confirm a heartbeat. After a blighted ovum, women can miscarry the pregnancy or schedule a dilation and curettage (D&C) procedure, in which the woman’s cervix is opened and her uterus scraped.
FIG 1.7.Blighted ovum
Missed Miscarriage
With a missed miscarriage, a fetus dies early in pregnancy,
but the pregnancy tissue is not expelled by the woman’s body. A woman who has
experienced a missed miscarriage, also called a missed abortion, may continue
to feel signs of pregnancy if the placenta still releases hormones, or she may
notice signs of pregnancy fade. Some women may experience some vaginal
discharge and cramping, but many have no symptoms of miscarriage. Sometimes the
body will dispel the fetal tissue, but other times, a D&C procedure is
necessary.
FIG 1.8. missed miscarriage
Threatened Miscarriage
A threatened miscarriage refers to vaginal bleeding that
occurs during the first 20 weeks of pregnancy. Other symptoms of threatened
miscarriage include lower back pain and abdominal cramps. Threatened
miscarriages do not necessarily mean your pregnancy will end in a miscarriage.
FIG 1.9. Threatened miscarriage
If you have experienced unexplained bleeding during pregnancy,
your doctor will want to perform an examination. In a threatened miscarriage,
the cervix will remain closed. However, if an examination reveals the cervix has opened, a miscarriage is much more likely. Threatened miscarriages can be
frightening, but it is important to note that around half of threatened
miscarriages result in a live birth.
FIG.1.c. Attitude success of infertility
Inevitable Miscarriage
Inevitable miscarriage refers to unexplained vaginal
bleeding and abdominal pain during early pregnancy. Unlike threatened
miscarriage, an inevitable miscarriage is also accompanied by dilation of the
cervical canal. Bleeding is also heavier and abdominal cramps more severe in an
inevitable miscarriage. The open cervix in an inevitable miscarriage is a sign
that the body is in the process of miscarrying the pregnancy.
FIG 1.10.inevitable miscarriage
Incomplete Abortion
An incomplete abortion is often accompanied by heavy vaginal
bleeding and intense abdominal pain. An incomplete abortion, which is also
called an incomplete miscarriage, is also characterized by an open cervix and
the passage of the pregnancy. Patients may pass some of the pregnancy tissue,
or an examination may observe evidence of tissue passage. All the products of
conception have not been passed, and an ultrasound may still detect some tissue
in the uterus.
FIG 1.11.incomplete abortion
Complete Miscarriage
A complete miscarriage refers to a miscarriage in which all
of the pregnancy tissue is expelled from the uterus. A complete miscarriage,
which is also called a complete abortion, is characterized by heavy vaginal
bleeding, severe abdominal pain, and passage of pregnancy tissue. With a
complete miscarriage, the bleeding and pain should subside quickly. Complete
miscarriages can be confirmed through an ultrasound.
FIG 1.12 complete miscarriage
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